Запись сообщений в журнал событий Windows на Delphi
Приложение может записывать сообщения в журнал используя следующие функции WinAPI. Подробное описание параметров этих функций содержится в документации к API. RegisterEventSource - Открывает handle для доступа к журналу на локальной или удаленной машине. ReportEvent - Собственно записывает сообщение.
Для записи сообщений в журнал в упрощенной манере просто произведите вызов RegisterEventSource с именем машины (UNC), в журнал которой вы хотите поместить сообщение (nil для локальной машины), и именем события. Имя события это обычно имя приложения, но может быть чем-то более информативным. Как только источник событий зарегистрирован, можно записывать события при помощи ReportEvent с handle, который вернула RegisterEventSource.
Листинг 1. Пример
VAR EventLog:THandle; EventLog:=RegisterEventSource(nil,PChar(′MyApplication′));
VAR MyMsg:Array[0..2] of PChar; MyMsg[0]:=′A test event message′;
Однако текст сообщения, записанного в журнал будет предварен текстом: "The description for Event ID ( 0 ) in Source ( MyApplication ) cannot be found. The local computer may not have necessary registry information or message DLL files to display messages from a remote computer. The following information is part of the event:" (Не найдено описание для события с кодом ( 0 ) в источнике ( MyApplication ). Возможно, на локальном компьютере нет нужных данных в реестре или файлов DLL сообщений для отображения сообщений удаленного компьютера. В записи события содержится следующая информация:) (Замечание: Это сообщение специфично для Windows2000 и может немного отличаться на других версиях). Для предотвращения появления этого текста необходимо внести в реестр некоторые ключи, как показано ниже, и определить строковые ресурсы (это может быть выполнено любым компонентом вашего приложения, не обязательно приложением, которое будет записывать события). Соответствующие записи реестра описаны ниже. Примеры кода предполагают, что строковые ресурсы и категории расположены в том же исполняемом файле, который содержит программу, записывающую события. Ключи категорий являются опциональными. Смысл этих ключей реестра и строковых ресурсов в том, что журнал событий использует строку, а приложение записывает в журнал в виде форматированного аргумента, и журналу необходимо знать, где находится описатель формата для этой строки. Кроме того, в журнале может храниться информация о категории события, полезная для просмотра событий. Это удобнее, чем просто отображать множество однотипный событий "Нет". Самый простой определитель формата это %1, который просто передаст в журнал входную строку. Для более подробного изучения определителей формата см. API документацию для FormatMessage. Ключи реестра
Имя приложения AppName должно совпадать с именем источника, использованного при вызове RegisterEventSource, потому что просмотрщик событий будет использовать это имя для отыскивания событий.
Создайте следующие ключи:
CategoryCount (Optional) - Integer - Количество категорий событий, которые вы собираетесь использовать. (Это максимальная величина, и не будет проблем, если не все категории на самом деле будут применяться). CategoryMessageFile (Optional) - String - Файл, содержащий ресурсы строк категорий. EventMessageFile - String - Файл, содержащий ресурсы строк событий. TypesSupported - Integer - Допустимые типы событий.
Листинг 2. Пример кода для создания необходимых записей в реестре
VAR Reg:TRegistry; RegKey:String; AppPath:String; AppName:String; NumCategories:Integer;
Begin Reg:=TRegistry.Create; Try AppPath:=Application.ExeName; AppName:=′MyApplication′; NumCategories:=2; RegKey:= Format(′SYSTEMCurrentControlSetServicesEventLogApplication%s′,[AppName]); Reg.RootKey:=HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE; Reg.OpenKey(RegKey,True); // Собственное имя Reg.WriteString(′CategoryMessageFile′,AppPath); // Собственное имя Reg.WriteString(′EventMessageFile′,AppPath); // Максимальное количество категорий Reg.WriteInteger(′CategoryCount′,NumCategories); // Разрешаем все типы Reg.WriteInteger(′TypesSupported′,EVENTLOG_SUCCESS or EVENTLOG_ERROR_TYPE or EVENTLOG_WARNING_TYPE or EVENTLOG_INFORMATION_TYPE); Reg.CloseKey; EventLog:=RegisterEventSource(nil,PChar(AppName)); Finally Reg.Free; End; //try..finally
End;
Сообщение и ресурсы категорий.
Информация, помещаемая в реестр вышеприведенным кодом, информирует журнал событий о том, где искать строки событий и категорий, основываясь на имени источника, которое использует приложение для записи в журнал. И, как мы уже говорили, чтобы журнал событий искал эти строки в нашем исполняемом файле, нам нужно включить эти строковые ресурсы в наш файл. Этот процесс состоит из следующих шагов: Написание исходного файла таблицы сообщений (файл .mc). Компиляция .mc файла при помощи Microsoft message compiler. Подключение получившейся информации к нашему Delphi приложению.
Есть много примеров по написанию .mc файлов в Windows SDK и на различных сайтах, включая MSDN, однако документация не достаточно проста, поэтому приводим минимально достаточное описание для создания файла таблицы сообщений:
Строки, начинающиеся с ;// являются комментариями и не компилируются. Этот пример содержит три строковых ресурса - один определитель формата сообщения и две категории, хотя файл может содержать только первый ресурс. Каждый ресурс отделен одной отдельной точкой на строке, так же, как и в конце файла. Если в конце файла отсутствует перевод строки после точки, то файл не будет скомпилирован. Первая строка каждого ресурса является MessageID (index), при помощи которого приложение будет обращаться к строке. Следующая строка указывает язык ресурса. В нашем случае "English" - означает international English, язык по умолчанию для всех Windows платформ. Информацию по многоязыковым ресурсам см. в справке к компилятору ресурсов. Последняя строка определяет собственно текст сообщения. В случае ресурса 0, строка будет "%1", что означает, что передается сама строка. Если, например, нужен префикс сообщения "An Event Message" (Сообщение события), то строка будет иметь вид: "An Event Message %1". Более полное описание форматов см. в API справке по FormatMessage и компилятору ресурсов. Ресурсы категорий не требуют форматированных аргументов. Как видно в примере, мы определили две категории "Category1" и "Category2". Следующий этап - компиляция .mc файла при помощи Microsoft message compiler (mc.exe), который можно взять у Microsoft (входит в состав Platform SDK). Наш пример, имеющий имя "exmess.mc" может быть скомпилирован из командной строки таким образом:
Mc exmess.mc
В результате получаем три файла: exmess.rc, bin00001.msg и exmess.h. emess.h может быть использован как заголовочный файл для обращения к ресурсам по их символическим именам, если таковые указаны (в нашем примере нет). .bin файл это откомпилированный бинарный ресурс с сообщениями, .rc это файл ресурсов Windows. Он может быть откомпилирован в Delphi .res файл при помощи brcc32.exe - компилятора ресурсов Delphi или просто добавлен в проект при помощи project manager, и тогда Delphi автоматически его откомпилирует при компиляции проекта (build).
Запись событий с категориями.
Теперь наше приложение имеет ресурсы и необходимые записи в реестре или код, который их внесет. Значит, приложение может записывать события в журнал без сообщения об отсутствии ресурсов и с добавочным индексом категории события:
Листинг 4. Код Delphi/Pascal
VAR EventLog: THandle; EventLog:=RegisterEventSource(nil,PChar(′MyApplication′));
VAR MyMsg:Array[0..2] of PChar; MyMsg[0]:=′A test event message′;
Вышеприведенный код запишет событие в журнал с текстом "A test event message" и, потому что 1 следует за параметром EventLogType, это будет событие категории "Category1". Это достигнуто указанием 0 в качестве идентификатора события, который соответствует определителю формата в ресурсе 0 ("%1"). В результате текст сообщения события будет передан без изменения. Точно так же, категория указана 1, что соответствует "Category1" в нашем ресурсе 1. Журнал событий поддерживает "живую связь" с файлами сообщений и категорий, указанных в реестре, что означает, что когда пользователь захочет просмотреть журнал, просмотрщик событий получит доступ к файлам ресурсов для детального отображения событий. Это также означает, что если вы создадите множество событий, при помощи указанного файла ресурсов, и, затем, измените значения в файле ресурсов и произведете обновление (refresh) в просмотрщике событий, тексты событий и номера категорий так же изменятся в соответствии с ресурсами. Точно так же, если файл ресурсов вдруг будет удален или записи в реестре будут уничтожены или повреждены, то журнал не сможет получить доступ к ресурсам, и отобразит сообщение с ошибкой в виде префикса события, как было описано в начале статьи. В этом случае вместо номера категории события будет отображен индекс категории.
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Here’s everything you need to know about the 2024 NFL Draft.
There are some years where the crop of quarterbacks coming out of college football isn’t awe-inspiring.
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Bears fans at the event applauded Williams as he walked onto the stage to share an embrace with NFL commissioner Roger Goodell.
This year’s draft could well be be a blockbuster one, with heaps of highly-touted quarterback talents, a potentially all-time wide receiver group and overall value throughout. It’s the first time in NFL history five quarterbacks were selected in the top 10, and there are plenty more teams searching for an answer at the position. https://kraken13v.at kraken тор With teams loaded on veteran players, the draft allows the 32 franchises to stock up on young prospects before heading into training camp to fine tune their rosters ahead of the opening of the new season in September.
Earlier Thursday, NFL spokesperson Brian McCarthy said on X 150,000 fans are in attendance at the draft.
Here’s everything you need to know about the 2024 NFL Draft.
There are some years where the crop of quarterbacks coming out of college football isn’t awe-inspiring.
This is not one of those years.
There are a number of potentially franchise-changing signal-callers in the 2024 class, and chief among those was USC’s Williams.
Although he endured somewhat of a down year last season, Williams possesses all the attributes required to be a high-level quarterback in the NFL.
His throwing ability in various scenarios combined with his athletic talents make him the perfect example of the modern dual-threat QB and have led to comparisons to former No. 1 overall pick Kyler Murray.
The 22-year-old Williams has been high on many draft analysts’ radar for over a year now, following his Heisman Trophy winning season in 2022; he broke Trojan records in passing touchdowns, passing yards and passing efficiency that season.
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Elsewhere, an international team of astronomers believes it has homed in on a crater created a few million years ago when something massive slammed into the lunar surface — and sent a chunk of the moon’s far side, or the side that faces away from Earth, hurtling into space. The hunk of moon became a rare quasi-satellite, or asteroid that orbits near Earth.
The Tianwen-2 mission will visit the space rock later this decade. But first, China has set its sights on returning to the moon’s “hidden side.” The Chang’e-6 mission, which launched Friday, is aiming to bring back the first samples from the South Pole-Aitken basin, or the largest and oldest crater on the moon. Since the Chang’e 4 mission in 2019, China remains the only country to have landed on the moon’s far side, sometimes called the “dark side” of the moon.
The “dark side” of the moon is actually a misnomer, experts say, and the remote lunar hemisphere receives illumination — scientists just don’t know as much about the region as they’d like.
The far side, with its thicker crust, is vastly different from the near side that was explored during the Apollo missions.
Scientists hope that returning samples from the far side could solve some of the biggest remaining lunar mysteries, including the moon’s true origin.
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Elsewhere, an international team of astronomers believes it has homed in on a crater created a few million years ago when something massive slammed into the lunar surface — and sent a chunk of the moon’s far side, or the side that faces away from Earth, hurtling into space. The hunk of moon became a rare quasi-satellite, or asteroid that orbits near Earth.
The Tianwen-2 mission will visit the space rock later this decade. But first, China has set its sights on returning to the moon’s “hidden side.” The Chang’e-6 mission, which launched Friday, is aiming to bring back the first samples from the South Pole-Aitken basin, or the largest and oldest crater on the moon. Since the Chang’e 4 mission in 2019, China remains the only country to have landed on the moon’s far side, sometimes called the “dark side” of the moon.
The “dark side” of the moon is actually a misnomer, experts say, and the remote lunar hemisphere receives illumination — scientists just don’t know as much about the region as they’d like.
The far side, with its thicker crust, is vastly different from the near side that was explored during the Apollo missions.
Scientists hope that returning samples from the far side could solve some of the biggest remaining lunar mysteries, including the moon’s true origin.
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The Tianwen-2 mission will visit the space rock later this decade. But first, China has set its sights on returning to the moon’s “hidden side.” The Chang’e-6 mission, which launched Friday, is aiming to bring back the first samples from the South Pole-Aitken basin, or the largest and oldest crater on the moon. Since the Chang’e 4 mission in 2019, China remains the only country to have landed on the moon’s far side, sometimes called the “dark side” of the moon.
The “dark side” of the moon is actually a misnomer, experts say, and the remote lunar hemisphere receives illumination — scientists just don’t know as much about the region as they’d like.
The far side, with its thicker crust, is vastly different from the near side that was explored during the Apollo missions.
Scientists hope that returning samples from the far side could solve some of the biggest remaining lunar mysteries, including the moon’s true origin.
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